Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients
South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology,
Page 6-14
DOI:
10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430281
Abstract
Background: One of the most frequent autoimmune illnesses affecting the thyroid gland is immunological thyroid disease. Antibodies against the enzyme thyroglobulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors are produced by the immune system. Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease are the two primary forms of autoimmune diseases.
Methods: 91 blood samples were taken, including 71 for thyroid disease patients and 20 for healthy persons as control samples, from both sexes and of various ages. The tests were performed using a variety of methodologies.
Results: Some of autoantibodies were found in varying quantities in 44 individuals. While TPO antibodies were found in 75% of 33 individuals, Anti-TG Ab was found in 72.72% of the patients, 15.90% in seven patients, and anti-TSHR Ab and antinuclear antibodies were found in 22.72% of the patients compared to the control samples. Any type of autoantibody, as well as the results of hormonal testing, revealed disease in a variety of individuals at varying rates. Because the patients were on therapy, the highest rate was 59.09% for thyroid-stimulating hormones. Chemical analyses revealed a sugar and fat imbalance with no discernible link. Interleukin 4 was detected in 4 individuals (9.09%), including one patient with autoimmune hypothyroidism (2.27%) and three patients in C3 18 with immunological hyperthyroidism (6.82%). The findings revealed an increase in complement molecule concentration in 40.90% of patients, including 15 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism (34.09%) and 3 patients with immune thyroid gland C3 hyperactivity (6.71%). The statistical study revealed a P < 0.01 level of significance correlation between the presence of sugar and triglycerides and the complement molecule. Interleukin 4 and antibodies to receptors have a substantial correlation at the P < 0.01TSHR Ab level TSH.
Conclusions: The C3 gland patients for thyroid peroxidase had the largest amount of antibodies, lipids, and sugar, according to the study. Interleukin-4 occurred in certain individuals who had antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, according to the research.
Keywords:
- Autoimmune
- hypothyroidism
- Interleukin-4
- complement
- TSHR
How to Cite
References
Kim S, Myong JP, Jee H. Combined effect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status on aggressiveness in papillary thyroid cancer. Head Neck. 2016;38(1):95‐101.
Tipu HN, Ahmed D, Bashir MM, Asif N. Significance of Testing Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies in Patients with Deranged Thyroid Profile. Journal of Tyroid Research. 2018;9610497.
Napolitano G, Bucci I, Dalmazi G.D, and Giuliani C. Non-Conventional Clinical Uses of TSH Receptor Antibodies: The Case of Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Front. Endocrinol. 2021;12:769084.
Mazhar M. Thyroidism Effect on Alopecia Patients In Pakistan. International Journal of Immunology and Microbiology; 2021.
Available:https://www.sciforce.org/index.php/IJIM/article/view/137.
Shahid M, Ashraf M, and Sharma S. Physiology, Thyroid Hormone. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL); 2021.
Ogbonna SU, Ezeani1 IU, Okafor CI, Chinenye S. Association between glycemic status and thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and therapy; 2019.
Sun X, Chen L, Wu R, Zhang D, and He Y. (2021) Association of thyroid hormone with body fat content and lipid metabolism in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2021;21 :241.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00903-6.
Karkhaneh M, Qorbani M, Ataie-Jafari A , Mohajeri-Tehrani M, Asayesh H, and Hosseini S. Association of thyroid hormones with resting energy expenditure and complement C3 in normal weight high body fat women; 2019.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-019-0070-4.
Raveinal R, Darwin E, Decroli E, Jamsari J.(2020) Correlation between Interleukin-4 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms with Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody and Transforming Growth Factor-β. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020;8(A):793-796.
Available:https://www.id-press.eu/mjms/ index.
Howanitz J, Howanity P, Henry J. Evaluation of Endocrine Function,in Henry, J. (ed), Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (18th ed). 1991;308-320.
Taimela E, Tahtela R, Koskinen P, Nuutila P, Forsstrom J, Taimela S, et al. Ability of two new thyrotropin(TSH) assays to separate hyperthyroid patients from euthyroid patients with low TSH. Clin. Chem. 1994;40:101-105.
Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ. Clinical Chemistry, Mosby Ed; 1989.
Vassault A, et al. Ann. Biol. Clin. 1986;44:686.
Trinder P. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1969;6:24.
Friedwald W, Levy R. I, and Fredrickson D. S. Estimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, without use of Preparative Ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry. 1972;18(6):499- 502.
Tietz W, et al. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed AACC; 1995.
Mancini & coll. Immunochemistry. 1965;2: 235.
Siriwardhane T, Krishna K, Ranganathan V, Jayaraman V, Wang T, Bei, et al. Exploring Systemic Autoimmunity in Thyroid Disease Subjects. Journal of Immunology Research. 2018;6895146.
Sultana Q, Anjum A, Fathima N, Siraj M, and Ishaq M. Seropositivity to anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies in hypo and hyper-thyroidism: Diagnostic and epidemiological significance. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2016;3(4):368-372.
Diana T, Krause J, Olivo P.D, Konig J, Kanitz M, Decallonne B, et al. Prevalence and clinical relevance of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-blocking antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2017;189(3):304 –309.
Jantikar A. A study on relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO antibodies) and thyroid dysfunction patients. International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research. 2020;7(2):238–242.
Blaslov K, Gajski D, Vucelić V, Gaćina P, Mirošević G, Marinković J, et al. The association of subclinical insulin resistance with thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid individuals. Acta Clin Croat. 2020;59:4.
Zaaber I, Mestiri S, Hammedi H, Marmouch H, Mahjoub S, Tensaout B, and Said K. Association of Interleukin-1B and Interleukin-4 Gene Variants with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Tunisian Population. Immunological Investigations. 2016;45(4):284–297.
Chu JW, Kao PN, Faul JL, Doyle RL. High prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2002;122(5):1668-73.
Shen X, Yan X, Xie B, Xu D, Wang B, Zhu J, et al. Genetic variants of interleukin-4 gene in autoimmune thyroid diseases: An updated meta-analysis. Autoimmunity, Early Online: 1–7, 2014 Informa UK Ltd; 2015.
Papadopoulos KI, Hörnblad Y, Liljebladh H, Hallengren B. High frequency of endocrine autoimmunity in patients with sarcoidosis. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1996;134(3):331-6.
-
Abstract View: 65 times
PDF Download: 26 times
